The Canon AE-1 Program is one of the most popular cameras of all time, and for very good reason: it is a spectacular camera. Picking up where the original AE-1 (1976) and A-1 (1978) left off, the AE-1 program is a highpoint in all of photography's history.
Overview | |
---|---|
Maker | Canon Camera K. K. |
Type | |
Lens | |
Lens mount | Canon FD |
Sensor/medium | |
ASA/ISO range | ISO 25 to 3200 [manual] |
Focusing | |
Focus | Manual |
Exposure/metering | |
Exposure | Shutter priority, manual |
EV1 to EV18 @ ASA 100 | |
Flash | |
Flash | Hot shoe, PC socket |
Flash synchronization | 1/60 s |
Shutter | |
Frame rate | Manual lever winding, unmodified. |
Shutter speed range | 2 s to 1/1000 s |
General | |
Battery | 4xLR44/4xSR44 6V battery |
Dimensions | 87 × 141 × 47.5 mm |
Weight | 590 g |
Made in | Japan |
The Canon AE-1 is a 35 mm single-lens reflex (SLR) film camera for use with interchangeable lenses. It was manufactured by Canon Camera K. K. (today Canon Incorporated) in Japan from April 1976 to 1984. It uses an electronically controlled, electromagnet horizontal cloth focal plane shutter, with a speed range of 2 to 1/1000 second plus Bulb and flashX-sync of 1/60th second. The camera body is 87 mm tall, 141 mm wide, and 48 mm deep; it weighs 590 g. Most are black with chrome trim, but some are all black.
The AE-1 is a historically significant SLR, both because it was the first microprocessor-equipped SLR and because of its sales, backed by a major advertising campaign, the AE-1 sold over one million units,[1]:66 which made it an unprecedented success in the SLR market.
- 2Design history
Features[edit]
The AE-1 has a Canon FD breech-lock lens mount and accepts any FD or New FD (FDn) lens. It is not compatible with Canon's later Canon EF lens mount, though adapters made by independent manufacturers can be found. The camera will also accept Canon's earlier FL-mount lenses through the use of stop-down metering.[2] Original FD lenses, introduced in 1971, did not rotate in the mounting process; instead, a locking ring at the base was turned to attach the lens. This was often criticized as being slower than the bayonet mounts of competing cameras.[1]:201 The counter argument, though, was that as the lens/body mating surfaces did not rotate, there was no wear that could affect the critical distance from lens to film plane. In 1979, Canon introduced the New FD series of lenses that rotate the whole outer lens barrel to lock. The inner lens barrel remained stationary, and thus the signal levers and pins still did not rotate. During the late 1970s, there were over 50 Canon FD lenses available for purchase. They ranged from a Fisheye FD 15 mm f/2.8 SSC to a FD 800 mm f/5.6 SSC, plus special purpose lenses such as a 7.5mm circular fisheye and a 35 mm tilt and shift lens.
Accessories for the AE-1 included the Canon Winder A (motorized single frame film advance up to 2 frames per second), the Canon Databack A (sequential numbering or date stamping on the film), and the Canon Speedlite 155A (guide number 56/17 (feet/meters) at ASA 100) and Canon Speedlite 177A (guide number 83/25 (feet/meters) at ASA 100) electronic flashes. The later Power winder A2 was also compatible, but the Motor Drive MA was not.
The AE-1 is a battery-powered (one 4LR44 or 4SR44) microprocessor-controlled manual focus SLR. It supports either manual exposure control or shutter priority auto exposure. The exposure control system consists of a needle pointing along a vertical f-stop scale on the right side of the viewfinder to indicate the readings of the built-in light meter (center-weighted with a silicon photocell). The viewfinder used by the AE-1 is Canon's standard split image rangefinder with microprism collar focusing aids.
Design history[edit]
Canon AE-1 detail
The AE-1 was the first in what became a complete overhaul of Canon's line of SLRs. The 1970s and 1980s were an era of intense competition between the major Japanese SLR brands: Canon, Nikon, Minolta, Pentax and Olympus. Between 1975 and 1985, there was a dramatic departure from heavy all-metal manual mechanical camera bodies to much more compact bodies with integrated circuit (IC) electronic automation. In addition, due to rapid advances in electronics, the brands leap-frogged each other with successively more automated models.
Although Canon Camera K. K. had been making quality 35 mm cameras for decades, it had always been overshadowed by their rival Nippon Kokagu K. K. and their Nikon cameras. While Canons easily led in the amateur compact fixed-lens rangefinder market (where Nikons did not compete), Canon SLRs had far less cachet than Nikon SLRs. Nikon, with its solid reputation for quality of material and workmanship, held a stranglehold on the prestigious professional SLR market that competitors could not break.
The AE-1 was the vanguard of the landmark Canon amateur level A-series SLRs and led Canon's charge into the emerging electronically controlled SLR market. The other members of the A-series were the AT-1 (released 1977), A-1 (1978), AV-1 (1979), AE-1 Program (1981) and AL-1 (1982). They all used the same compact aluminum alloy chassis, but with different feature levels and outer cosmetic plastic top panel. By sharing most major components, including an inexpensive horizontal cloth-curtain shutter, viewfinder information display, and autoflash control, Canon further reduced costs and could undercut the price of the more expensive SLRs then on the market.
In keeping with its cost-cutting philosophy, Canon designed the AE-1 to use a significant amount of structural plastic for a lighter and cheaper camera at the expense of being less impact resistant. Canon went to great effort to disguise the use of plastic - the injection-molded acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) for the top panel finished with either satin chrome (or black enameled) to give the look and feel of metal. The bottom plate were made of brass and then finished with satin chrome (or black enameled). Extensive use of electronics also allowed simpler modular internal construction instead of mechanical linkages. Five major and 25 minor internal modules reduced the individual parts count by over 300. Modular construction, in turn, allowed automated production lines in order to reduce cost. Unfortunately, cost concerns also resulted in the use of plastic in some of the moving/operating mechanisms.
The AE-1 was never designed to be a professional camera. However, it was made to have relatively straightforward controls and automatic aperture for newcomers, with various manual controls and system accessories to appeal to more experienced photographers. The AE-1 was the first SLR purchased by millions of amateur photographers, persuaded by its feature list and low price.
In many ways, the AE-1 represented the confluence of two streams of Canon camera development. The first generation electronically controlled 35 mm SLR Canon EF (1973) merged with the final generation rangefinder Canonet G-III QL17 (1972). After decades of chasing Nikon for Japanese optical supremacy, Canon finally hit upon a formula for success: high technology for ease of use, cheaper internal parts and electronics for lower price, and heavy advertising to get the message out. Despite outcries from traditionalist photographers who complained about an “excess” of automation ruining the art of photography, automation proved to be the only way to entice the amateur photographer.
The AE-1 had only one pointer needle used to indicate the light meter recommended f-stop, and neither a follower needle to indicate the actual lens set f-stop, nor plus/minus indicators for over/underexposure. The shutter-priority system of the AE-1 was more suited to sports action than to preserving depth-of-field, yet the 1/1000 s top speed of its horizontally traveling shutter limited its use for such activities. The battery door design was subject to frequent breakage, and over time owners have reported instances of shutter and mechanical gremlins, including mirror linkage wear (the 'Canon squeal'). Canon's eventual abandonment of the FD lens mount for the EOS autofocus design also had an effect on prices for the AE-1 on the used market.
- Canon AE-1 in detail, with Canon FD 35-70mm
- Canon AE-1 in detail
- Canon AE-1 with lens cap of the 1980 Olympic Winter Games
- Black model with 50 mm f/1.8
- Without lens
- From the top showing controls
- From the bottom with the black rewind button with the small white dot on the bottom left
- From the back
- From the back with the film cover open
- With a flash.
Legacy[edit]
Apple sound designer Jim Reekes recorded the screen snapshot sound used on Macintosh computers and iPhones from the AE-1 he used as a high school student.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ abShell, Bob, Compendium, Handbook of the Canon System. East Sussex, England: Hove Books, 1994.
- ^Canon AE-1 Owner's Manual. p. 24.
- ^Pettitt, Jeniece (2018-03-24). 'Meet the man who created Apple's most iconic sounds: Sosumi, the camera click and the start-up chord'. CNBC. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Canon AE-1. |
- The Canon AE-1 - Index Page. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
- Canon AE-1 Film Camera on Porter Electronics (Website where they are still available)
- Canon AE-1 at Canon Classics
Canon F series |F series with pellicle mirror |Canon T series |Canon A series See also:Early Canon film SLR cameras | Canon EOS film cameras | Canon EOS digital cameras |
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canon_AE-1&oldid=911793478'
Canon Ae 1 Program Guide
Repairing the AE-1 involves removing the top cover to reveal a flex circuit, together with conventional components. From here, you have access to two of the main integrated circuits (IC), whilst the third IC is above the viewfinder assembly measuring the light levels through the prism. As you can see, it is a compact build, and extremely skilled factory workers would have performed the soldering of resistors and wires manually.
Removing the top cover involves similar steps to other Canon cameras; however, this one has some additional complications worth knowing. It is vital to set the shutter speed to 'B' and the ASA film speed to 3200. This is because there are some spring-loaded components inside, and those settings ensure minimal tension in the spring. Otherwise, simply opening the top cover could cause damage.
Some familiar steps involved in removing the top cover include wedging the film rewind shaft and unscrewing the knob. There is also a c-clip holding a cover around the rewind shaft, which requires removing. At the other end, you will need to remove the film advance lever, which involves unscrewing the snake-eyes head screw. There are two washers followed by a nut, which requires unscrewing. You will also need to remove the obvious looking screws at the sides holding the top cover; however, there are two hidden screws behind the front decorator cover, which will require removal first.
The added complication in this camera is in the form of a string, which connects the film speed coupler, to the functional resistor on other side of the camera. In this camera design, there are concentric shutter speed and ASA film speed dials, around the film advance lever, however the electronics (potentiometer) is on the other side of the camera and concentric around the film rewind knob. When you rotate the film speed dial, a string transmits the force to move the potentiometer at the other end. In the manual, they call the potentiometer a functional resistor, which has a track and a wiper.
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The functional resistor is also spring loaded to maintain tension on the string and this tension increases when the shutter speed dial is on the high value end. Therefore placing it at the 'B' position ensures minimal tension. For the same reason, the ASA setting has to be at 3200, which ensures minimal spring tension. If you do not take these precautions, then the string could snap back and break when you remove the top cover.
At this end, there is the functional resistor, with a coil spring. As you can see, a very thin string comes out from the mechanism.
At this end is the speed knob coupler, which is simply a plastic disc with a centre groove upon which the string winds.Canon Ae-1 Program Manual Pdf
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